Optimization of energy is the fundamental requirement at all levels of system design in wireless sensor networks. Routing protocol based on clustering is not only scalable with the dimension of networks but also offers efficient management of energy. Configuration of suitable clusters is the primary focus in design of cluster based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. Of the most decisive factors to setup suitable clusters, energy and distribution of nodes into clusters are the dominant ones. In this paper, an efficient cluster formation is presented based on the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. The eligibility of nodes to act as cluster head is defined with respect to the average residual energy so as to avoid premature collapse of networks. The optimization problem consists of finding the most favorable set of cluster leaders from the eligible set so that the communication distance of nodes from cluster leaders is minimized. The protocol is implemented in OMNeT++ simulation environment and experimental studies reveal that the proposed protocol defeats LEACH, LEACH-C and CHEF protocols with respect to the various network performance metrics.
Melaku Tamene : received B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from Bahirdar University, Ethiopia (2008) and M.Tech. degree in Electronics and Computer Engineering from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia (2010). From July 2012, he works as Ph.D. scholar in the Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Andhra University, India. His current research area is intelligent network protocols design and analysis in wireless sensor networks.
Kuda Nageswara Rao : is a professor in Andhra University, India. He received B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from GITAM University, India, M.Tech. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Andhra University, India and Ph.D. degree from J.N.T University. His research interest includes computer networks, TCP/IP, internet technologies, telematics, data communications, wireless networks, wireless sensor networks and cloud computing.
The presence of constraint of energy in sensor nodes challenges the design and development of protocols for wireless sensor networks. Considering that energy efficiency is one of the first and most research problems in wireless sensor networks, energy efficient routing protocol is presented using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. The FCM based routing protocol has been tested with respect to the network lifetime, load balance and total energy consumption of nodes. The simulation results prove that the proposed protocol performs better compared to LEACH, LEACH-C and CHEF protocols.
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