This paper describes an algorithm for integrating
heterogeneous data in a slow internet connection. The focus is
on the problems of higher volume of data stored in
heterogeneous relational databases with uncertain schema.
The web service application for implementation was
developed using Visual Basic.NET. The validation and test
cases uses demographical surveillance data sets as well as
baseline census data for sample vital registration with verbal
autopsy. The result indicates that the proposed algorithm is
capable of transferring data across the internet with higher
disconnection. The authors acknowledge that some parts of
this paper appear in PACT 2014.
Vitalis Ndume : Dares Salaam Institute of Technology, Tanzania
Jesuk Ko : Department of Healthcare Management, Gwangju University, Korea
Data Integration, Batch Algorithm, Staging
Database, Web Services
It is concluded that despite practical challenges in data
integration; integrating big data sets in a low bandwidth
environment requires mapping rules that deploy
mechanism of mapping from heterogeneous data to
homogenous data and vice versa. The proposed
architecture can be useful to provide scientists with timely
data for modeling. The model also unifies and provides a
broader population of data set and wide set of health
indicators to epidemiologists than it used to be in a
traditional approach of requesting and integrating pieces of
data using CD-ROM. It is anticipated that the design
architecture provides a novel web service infrastructure
implementation of distributed data, and evaluating the web
service paradigm in a low bandwidth environment. The
algorithm applied can cut off the transfer and execution
time to (2On) and hence it is cost effective in terms of
time. It is therefore, capable of transferring data in a
network with higher disconnection. It is also noted that,
despite of practical challenges in data integration, the
process of integrating health data sets in a low bandwidth
environment require a mapping rules that deploy
mechanism of mapping from heterogeneous to
homogenous and localizing the execution operation. It is
also concluded that, the use of IT in healthcare will always
be one of the key factor in healthcare practice and will
always transform the way practitioners, patients, and
consumers interact to improve the health status of the
patients.
[1] M. A. Curran and K. E. Curran (2005), "The E-Health
Revolution: Competitive Options for Nurse
Practitioners as Local Providers," Journal of the
American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 17, pp.
495-498, 2005. [2] B. Blobel, Analysis, Design, and Implementation of
Secure and Interoperable Distributed Health
Information Systems vol. 89. 1013BG Amsterdam:
IOS Press, 2002.
[3] M. Rusu, et al., "Distributed e-health system with smart
self-care units," in Proc.of IEEE 5th International
Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication
and Processing,ICCP 2009., Cluj-Napoca 2009, pp.
307-314.
[4] N. Arch-int and A.-i. Somjit, "Semantic information
integration for electronic patient records using
ontology and web services model," in Proc.of 2011
International Conference on Information Science and
Applications (ICISA), Jeju Island 2011, pp. 1-7.
[5] A. Calì, "Reasoning in data integration systems: why
lav and gav are siblings," in Foundations of Intelligent
Systems, ed: Springer, 2003, pp. 562-571.
[6] V. Y. Bichutskiy, et al., "Heterogeneous Biomedical
Database Integration Using a Hybrid Strategy: A p53
Cantcer Research Database," PubMed.The UCI
Undergraduate Research Journal, vol. 2, pp. 27-87., 20
Feb 2007 2006.
[7] M. Frize, et al., "Towards a Web Services
Infrastructure for Perinatal, Obstetrical, and Neonatal
Clinical Decision Support," in Proc.of 26th IEEE
Annual International Conference on Engineering in
Medicine and Biology Society, 2004, 2004, pp. 3334-
3337.
[8] A. Tolk and S. Y. Diallo, "Model-based data
engineering for web services," Journal of Internet
Computing, IEEE, vol. 9, pp. 65-70, 2005.
[9] F. Zhu, et al., "Dynamic data integration using web
services," in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on
Web Services, 2004, pp. 262-269.
[10] D. Beyer, et al., "Web service interfaces," in Proc. of
the 14th international conference on World Wide Web,
2005, pp. 148-159.
[11] S. Chandrasekaran, et al., "XML-based modeling and
simulation: web service technologies and their synergy
with simulation," in Proc.of the 34th conference on
Winter simulation: exploring new frontiers, 2002, pp.
606-615.
[12] P. Wang, et al., "Design and Implementation of a Web-
Service-Based Public-Oriented Personalized Health
Care Platform," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man,
and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 43, July 2013 2013.
[13] A. Meiappane, et al., "Latency of Web Service in
Health Care System Using GSM Networks," in Proc.of
2nd International Conference on Machine Learning and
Computing (ICMLC), Bangalore ,India, 2010, pp. 22-
26.
[14] F. Zhang, et al., "Web service based architecture and
ontology based user model for cross-system
personalization," in Proc.of IEEE/WIC/ACM
International Conference on Web Intelligence, Hong
Kong, 2006, pp. 849-852.
[15] W. Attiaoui, et al., "Wrapping and Integrating USB
Smart Card to Web Based Heterogeneous Medical
Databases: Application for the Pathology of Cancer,"
in Proc.of Canadian Conference on Electrical and
Computer Engineering, Ottawa, 2006, pp. 1403-1408.
[16] Y. Liu and L. Yuefan, "Research on Data Integration of
Bioinformatics Database Based on Web Services," in
Proc.of The 1st International Conference on
Networked Digital Technologies (NDT2009), Ostrava
2009.
[17] Webopedia. (2013, Web service.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Web_Services.h
tml. Available:
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Web_Services.h
tml
[18] C. Walker and D. Walker, "Integration and Data
Sharing between WS-Based Workflows," in Proc.of
IEEE International Conference on Web Services,
Beijing, 2008, pp. 667-674.
[19] M. Papazoglou, Web services: principles and
technology: Pearson Education, 2008.
[20] M. P. Papazoglou and W. J. Van Den Heuvel, "Service
oriented architectures: approaches, technologies and
research issues," The Very Large Database Journal,
vol. 16, pp. 389-415, 2007.
[21] MSDN. (2009, 27 Oct.2013). Microsoft Developer
Network. Available:
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-
US/435f43a9-ee17-4700-8c9dd9c3ba57b5ef/
advantages-disadvantages-ofwebservices?
forum=asmxandxml
[22] V. Ndume, et al., "A Framework for Enhancing e-
Health Data Integration and Sharing in Distributed
Environments,," International Journal of computing
and ICT Research, vol. 8 June, 2014 2014.
[23] S. Siddigi. (2008, Governance of the health system:
Moving a head. Regional capacity building workshop
working on Health System Development. Available:
http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Healthsystems/
health-systemsgovernance/
news/news/2013/03/whoeurope-incopenhagen-
moving-to-new-premises
[24] M. Angelo, Marta Mazzeo, Gregori Mercurio, Rita
Verbicaro, "Holistic Health Predicting Our Data
Future: From Inter-operability Among System to -
Coperability Among People," International Jounal of
Medical Informatics vol. 82, pp. 14-28, 2013.
[25] G. Russello, et al., "A workflow-based access control
framework for e-health applications," in Proc.of 22nd
International Conference on Advanced Information
Networking and Applications-Workshops AINAW
2008., Okinawa, Japan, 2008, pp. 111-120.
[26] J. Rooksby, et al., "Testing in the wild: The social and
organisational dimensions of real world practice,"
Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work
(CSCW), vol. 18, pp. 559-580, 2009.
[27] H. Zhang, et al., "Investigating dependencies in
software requirements for change propagation
analysis," Journal of Information and Software
Technology, vol. 56, pp. 40-53, 2014.