Education is one of the most important pillars of real future planning. Online learning is embraced and adopted by many
schools, universities, and firms worldwide to deliver education, training, certification, and even higher degrees. Blockchain is a
promising new technology and a trending information revolution that has imposed itself on various areas of life. According to the
Harvard Business Review (HBR), blockchain is a software architecture concept, whose transactions enjoy the following characteristics.
First, they are recorded in a distributed ledger (denoted C1 henceforward). Second, they are permanent and cannot be edited (C2). Third,
they are verifiable (C3). This research paper aims to design and develop a framework model for an educational environment that is
effective and defect-free. It focuses on handling well-recognized defects in the delivery of materials to students, and assessing them. The
research paper suggests the application of blockchain in e-learning, integrating aspects of Learning Management System (LMS) and
University Management System (UMS), in which blockchain acts as safeguarded distributed repository. This allows students to obtain
information quickly and with high privacy and transparency. This can be achieved by designing a triad of material bank, question bank
and assessment bank. The three banks take advantage of C1, C2 and C3, allowing for the distributed verification of certifications
everywhere, and keeping certifications themselves un-manipulated. The proposed framework shows how to develop a private blockchain
in PHP and Google Firebase. Gossip protocol can model large-scale distributed systems. The proposed framework takes into account
quality Assurance. Therefore, the application of the proposed framework will lead to advancement in e-learning. For evaluating the
effectiveness of the proposed e-learning framework, Kirkpatrick's model is adopted. It was proven that the proposed framework is
scalable.
Published In:IJCSN Journal Volume 8, Issue 6
Date of Publication : December 2019
Pages : 466-473
Figures :11
Tables : --
Mohamed A. El-dosuky :
was born in Mansoura, Egypt in 1984. He
received the B.S. and master degrees in Computer Sciences from
Mansoura University, in 2005 and 2008 respectively. He received his
Ph.D. degree in Artificial Intelligence from Mansoura University in
2013. From 2013 to 2017, he managed to have a B.S. in Applied
Sociology from Cairo University. He is the author of 5 books, and more
than 30 articles. His research interests include meta heuristics
optimization, quantum computing, block chains, cyber security, deep
learning, and data science. Dr. El-dosuky is a member of ACM and
IAENG.
Gamal H. Eladl :
has completed his Ph.D. from Mansoura
University, Egypt. He is having over 15 years' of experience in
researching, teaching undergraduate and post-graduate students of
Computer, information sciences. He published more than 20 International journal and conference papers. He has visited several
countries such as KSA, Greece for academic and Research purposes.
His research interests include Information System, IOT, Technical
Requirements, E-government, Security, Privacy, and support any novel
E-society's services.
This paper suggests the application of blockchain in elearning,
integrating aspects of Learning Management
System (LMS) and University Management System (UMS),
in which blockchain acts as safeguarded distributed
repository.
This allows students to obtain information quickly and
with high privacy and transparency. This can be achieved
by designing a triad of material bank, question bank and
assessment bank. The proposed framework takes into
account quality standards. Therefore, the application of the
proposed framework will lead to advancement in elearning.
One possible direction may be towards securing the gossip
protocol. This may be achieved by employing a recent
protocol called FireChain [24], or integrating other recent
security preserving methods such as [25] and [26]. Another
possible direction is enhancing the Exam-as-a-service.
[1] TRUSTY, Jerry; NILES, Spencer G.; CARNEY, JoLynn
V. 2005, Education-career planning and middle school
counselors. Professional School Counseling, 9.2:
2156759X0500900203.
[2] MACHLUP, Fritz. 2014,Knowledge: its creation,
distribution and economic significance, Volume I:
Knowledge and knowledge production. Princeton
university press.
[3] HARPER, Kimberly C.; CHEN, Kuanchin; YEN, David
C. 2004, Distance learning, virtual classrooms, and
teaching pedagogy in the Internet environment.
Technology in Society, 2004, 26.4: 585-598.
[4] TJ McCue, 2018,E Learning Climbing To $325 Billion
By 2025 UF Canvas Absorb Schoology Moodle, Forbes,
https://www.forbes.com/sites/tjmccue/2018/07/31/elearning-
climbing-to-325-billion-by-2025-uf-canvasabsorb-
schoology-moodle/
[5] TAPSCOTT, Don; TAPSCOTT, Alex. 2016,
Blockchain revolution: how the technology behind
bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world.
Penguin.
[6] CASEY, Michael J.; VIGNA, Paul. 2018,The Truth
Machine: The Blockchain and the Future of Everything.
St. Martin's Press.
[7] BAMBARA, J. J., et al. 2018, Blockchain: A practical
guide to developing business, law, and technology
solutions, McGraw Hill Education.
[8] Omid Malekan, 2018, The Story of the Blockchain: A
Beginner's Guide to the Technology That Nobody
Understands, Triple Smoke Stack
[9] Swan, Melanie. 2015, Blockchain: Blueprint for a new
economy. " O'Reilly Media, Inc."
[10] IANSITI, Marco; LAKHANI, Karim R. 2017, The truth
about blockchain. Harvard Business Review, 95.1: 118-
127.
[11] HOLOTESCU, Carmen. 2018, Understanding
Blockchain Opportunities and Challenges. eLearning &
Software for Education
[12] TOLBATOV, A. V. 2018, Using blockchain technology
for E-learning. International scientific-technical
magazine-Measuring and computing devices in
technological processes. Hmelnuckyi, 1-P: 110-113.
[13] TURKANOVIC, Muhamed, et al. 2018, EduCTX: A
blockchain-based higher education credit platform.
IEEE Access, 6: 5112-5127.
[14] FILVĀ, Daniel Amo, et al. 2018, Privacy and identity
management in learning analytics processes with
blockchain. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International
Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing
Multiculturality. ACM,. p. 997-1003.
[15] FORMENT, Marc Alier, et al. 2018, Learning Analytics'
Privacy on the Blockchain. In: Proceedings of the Sixth
International Conference on Technological Ecosystems
for Enhancing Multiculturality. ACM, p. 294-298.
[16] AZARIA, Asaph, et al. Medrec: 2016, Using blockchain
for medical data access and permission management. In:
Open and Big Data (OBD), International Conference on.
IEEE, p. 25-30.
[17] HALAMKA, John D.; EKBLAW, Ariel. 2017, The
potential for blockchain to transform electronic health
records. Harvard Business Review.
[18] Flanagan, B. and Ogata, H., 2018. Learning analytics
platform in higher education in Japan. Knowledge
Management & E-Learning: An International Journal,
10(4), pp.469-484.
[19] Anil, G.R. and Moiz, S.A., 2020. Blockchain Enabled
Smart Learning Environment Framework. In Advances
in Decision Sciences, Image Processing, Security and
Computer Vision (pp. 728-740). Springer, Cham.
[20] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkBbs5JRQ-k , last
access 30th October 2019
[21] VAN RENESSE, Robbert. 2016, A Blockchain Based
on Gossip?-a Position Paper. Cornell University.
[22] Jelasity, M., Guerraoui, R., Kermarrec, A.M. and Van
Steen, M., 2004, October. The peer sampling service:
Experimental evaluation of unstructured gossip-based
implementations. In ACM/IFIP/USENIX International
Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open
Distributed Processing (pp. 79-98). Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.
[23] Kirkpatrick, D. and Kirkpatrick, J., 2006. Evaluating
training programs: The four levels. Berrett-Koehler
Publishers.
[24] MIKALSEN, Jon Foss. 2018, FireChain: An Efficient
Blockchain Protocol using Secure Gossip. Master's
Thesis. UiT Norges arktiske universitet.
[25] El-dosuky, Mohamed A., and Gamal H. Eladl. 2019,
"SPAINChain: Security, Privacy, and Ambient
Intelligence in Negotiation Between IOT and
Blockchain." World Conference on Information Systems
and Technologies. Springer, Cham.
[26] El-Dosuky, Mohamed A., and Gamal H. Eladl. 2019,
"DOORchain: Deep Ontology-Based Operation
Research to Detect Malicious Smart Contracts." World
Conference on Information Systems and Technologies.
Springer, Cham.
